HRM showed large variations in end-expiratory PES (PESEE) and tidal changes in PES (ΔPES) along the oesophagus. A retrospective analysis of oesophageal pressure measured with HRM in supine and sitting positions in 17 awake spontaneously breathing patients is also included. In 10 patients, oesophageal pressure was also measured using a conventional balloon catheter for comparison. ![]() Different PEEP levels and different sizes of tidal volume were applied while pressures were measured continuously. Oesophageal pressure was measured using a high-resolution manometry catheter in 20 mechanically ventilated patients (15 in the ICU and 5 in the OR). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors affecting oesophageal pressure using HRM. ![]() High-resolution manometry (HRM) simultaneously measures pressures at every centimetre in the whole oesophagus and thereby provides extended information about oesophageal pressure. Measurements performed with a balloon catheter are suggested as a basis for setting the ventilator however, measurements are affected by several factors. Oesophageal pressure (PES) is used for calculation of lung and chest wall mechanics and transpulmonary pressure during mechanical ventilation.
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